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Agent-Specific Threats

AI agents face threats that traditional applications don’t:

1. Prompt Injection → Credential Theft

Attack: Adversarial input tricks the LLM into calling hexr_tool() with attacker-controlled parameters, exfiltrating data. Hexr Mitigation:
  • LLM Guard scans all prompts for injection attempts
  • OPA policies restrict which services each role can access
  • Credential scoping — even if tricked, the agent can only access its authorized services
  • Short-lived credentials — stolen tokens expire in 15 minutes

2. Tool Confusion → Unauthorized Access

Attack: Agent is manipulated into calling the wrong tool or accessing unauthorized resources. Hexr Mitigation:
  • SPIFFE identity — OPA verifies the specific process identity, not just the pod
  • Gateway validation — tool calls are validated against the agent’s registered capabilities
  • Audit trail — every tool call is logged with full SPIFFE context

3. Agent-to-Agent Manipulation

Attack: A compromised agent sends malicious tasks to other agents. Hexr Mitigation:
  • mTLS — all A2A communication is SPIFFE-authenticated
  • OPA policies — controls which agents can communicate
  • Task validation — A2A sidecar validates message schema

4. Secret Exfiltration

Attack: Agent code or LLM output leaks stored secrets. Hexr Mitigation:
  • Vault scoping — secrets are per-agent, per-role
  • PII scanner — LLM Guard catches secrets in LLM output
  • No env vars — secrets never in environment variables

5. Code Execution Escape

Attack: LLM-generated code executed by the agent escapes the sandbox. Hexr Mitigation:
  • Firecracker microVM — hardware-level isolation
  • No network — sandbox has no outbound connectivity
  • Resource limits — prevents resource exhaustion
  • Destroyed after use — no persistent state

Threat Matrix